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The HTML WG has published a Working Draft of HTML Ruby Markup Extensions.
Ruby, a form of interlinear annotation, are short runs of text alongside the base text. They are typically used in East Asian documents to indicate pronunciation or to provide a short annotation. This specification revises and extends the markup model established by HTML to express ruby. https://www.w3.org/news/2024/working-draft-html-ruby-markup-extensions/
HTML Ruby Markup Extensions Working Draft Published
An example of annotating text with ruby: the Japanese word for bullet-train is written with 3 kanji characters, written horizontally, left to right. Their pronunciation is indicated by 6 hiragana characters placed immediately above. The annotation is half the font size of the base it annotates."